Germany at War

  • Young Germans thought war would be an adventure, an escape from the mundane jobs they held

  • A chance for adventure, for glory, to win medals, was one that couldn’t be missed

  • The reality, however, was mud of the trenches, the artillery bombardments, gas attacks, and the mass assaults in the face of machine gun fire; approximately two million German soldiers died and many more than that number were badly injured

  • The British naval blockade made their lives of German civilians miserable too Food supplies were badly affected – the winter of 1916-17 became known as the ‘turnip winter’ because that was almost all there was to eat

  • Milk supplies were half compared with 1913

  • Everything was in short supply, coal, electricity, even soap

  • More than 400,000 civilians died as a result of the war

  • And in 1918 a deadly flu virus, Spanish Influenza, swept across Europe – in Germany it killed nearly 200,000 civilians and almost as many soldiers

  • From the summer of 1916, Germany had been under a virtual military dictatorship

  • Still, there were food riots and major strikes

 

Post-War Germany

  • People were starving and the British blockade was still in place

  • Over 300 000 civilians died in 1918 of either starvation or hypothermia

  • The War had left 600,000 widows and 2 million children without fathers

  • Industrial production was two-thirds of what it had been in 1913

  • National income was one-third of what it had been in 1913

  • The country was virtually bankrupt

  • Jobs for the returning soldiers would not be easy to find

  • The people had been surviving on turnips and bread

  • On top of everything else, a flu epidemic swept across the country killing thousands

  • And Germany was still being blockaded

  • This is the context of the German Revolution